Ephemera: Indikator Perairan Bersih dan Misteri Lalat Sehari

Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Airlangga

Ephemera: Indikator Perairan Bersih dan Misteri Lalat Sehari

Satu-satunya phylum yang anggotanya hidup di darat, air dan udara adalah Arthropoda, kelas Insecta. Salah satu Ordo yang nimfanya ada di air (sebagai niad) dan dewasanya terbang (di udara) adalah Ephemeroptera. Genus yang sering ditemukan di perairan (Indonesia) adalah Ephemera yang sering disebuit dengan lalat sehari (karena yang dewasa hanya hidup selama 1 hari saja) atau disebut dengan lalat bulan Mei/May fly karena puncak populasi di alam pada bulan Mei setiap tahun.

Ephemera ini meletakkan telurnya hanya pada perairan tawar yang bebas polutan, tentu saja nimfa2nya hanya dapat ditemui pada perairan yang bebas polutan tersebut. Keberadaan nimfa Ephemera ini dapat digunakan sebagai indicator perairan yang bebas polutan. Organisme dewasa terbang ke tempat yang banyak pepohonan. Di bawah ini adalah gambar daur hidup Ephemera dewasa.

Penulis
Kismiyati
Dept. MKIBP FPK UA
Email: miyati.59@gmail.com

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HYEGENE AND SANITATION
This course discusses the principles and implementation of hygiene and sanitation in the aquatic product processing industry, the role and benefits of hygiene and sanitation for food safety of aquatic products, hygiene and sanitation in supporting HACCP in aquatic products.
REFERENCES:
1	H. J. Green. 1934. Army Manual Of Hygiene and Sanitation. Government Primer. Melbourne
2	Hiasinta A.P. 2001. Sanitasi Higiene dan Keselamatan Kerja dalam Pengolahan Makanan.
3	Edward J.P., Julie V.R.S. 2000. Sanitation and Personal Hygiene Handbook. Wisconsin Departement of Public Instruction. Barbara Thompson, Ph.D., State Superintendent
4	Ign.Suharto. 1998. Sanitasi, Keamanan & Ketahanan Pangan dan Alat Industri Pangan dalam Sistem Rantai Pangan, Jilid 1. Bandung
5	Djoko Windu P. Irawan. 2016. Prinsip-prinsip Hygiene Sanitasi Makanan Minuman di Rumah Sakit. Forum Ilmiah Kesehatan (FORIKES). Ponorogo
6	PPKP. 2015. Modul Menerapkan Sanitasi dan Hiegiene Hasil Perikanan. Jakarta
7	Buckle, et al. 2009. Ilmu Pangan, Jakarta UI-Press
8	Fardiaz, S. 2000. Riset Mikrobiologi Pangan untuk Keamanan Pangan di Industri. Yayasan Srikandi untuk Kemanan Pangan. Bogor
9	BPOM. 2012. Petunjuk Meminimalkan Terbentuknya Cemaran Kimia Pada Pangan Siap Saji dan Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga Sebagai Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah. Jakarta
10	Gun W and Satu S. 2007. Microbial Contaminants and Contamination Routes in Food Industry. VTT Technical Research Center Of Finlandia.
11	Bruno S and Babacar S. 2000. Priciple Of Hygiene and Food Safety Management. Publication are the sole responsibility of PIP and COLEACP. European Union
12	John Holah. 2000. Food processing equipment Design and cleanability. The National Food Centre Dunsinea, Castleknock Dublin 15, Ireland
13	Fadi A and Kathryn D. 2011. Methods For developing New Food Products. DEStec Publications, Inc.
14	Theodoros V and Constantina T. 2016. Handbook of Food Processing Food Safety, Quality, and Manufacturing Processes. LLC
15	Claudio A., et.al. 2000. Sanitation Control Procedures for Processing Fish and Fishery Products
16	Alan Parker. 2007. Effective Cleaning and Sanitizing Procedures. University of Maryland and the Johnson Diversey Corporation
17	Bridget M. H. 2011. Managing Food Safety and Hygiene. Departement Of Sociology. London
18	Florida. 2011. Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance. IFAS – Extension Bookstore University of Florida

HIGIEN DAN SANITASI
Mata kuliah ini membahas tentang prinsip dan implementasi higienis dan sanitasi pada industri pengolahan produk akuatik, peran dan manfaat higien dan sanitasi bagi keamanan pangan dari produk akuatik higienis dan sanitasi dalam menunjang HACCP pada produk akuatik.
REFERENSI:
1	H. J. Green. 1934. Army Manual Of Hygiene and Sanitation. Government Primer. Melbourne
2	Hiasinta A.P. 2001. Sanitasi Higiene dan Keselamatan Kerja dalam Pengolahan Makanan.
3	Edward J.P., Julie V.R.S. 2000. Sanitation and Personal Hygiene Handbook. Wisconsin Departement of Public Instruction. Barbara Thompson, Ph.D., State Superintendent
4	Ign.Suharto. 1998. Sanitasi, Keamanan & Ketahanan Pangan dan Alat Industri Pangan dalam Sistem Rantai Pangan, Jilid 1. Bandung
5	Djoko Windu P. Irawan. 2016. Prinsip-prinsip Hygiene Sanitasi Makanan Minuman di Rumah Sakit. Forum Ilmiah Kesehatan (FORIKES). Ponorogo
6	PPKP. 2015. Modul Menerapkan Sanitasi dan Hiegiene Hasil Perikanan. Jakarta
7	Buckle, et al. 2009. Ilmu Pangan, Jakarta UI-Press
8	Fardiaz, S. 2000. Riset Mikrobiologi Pangan untuk Keamanan Pangan di Industri. Yayasan Srikandi untuk Kemanan Pangan. Bogor
9	BPOM. 2012. Petunjuk Meminimalkan Terbentuknya Cemaran Kimia Pada Pangan Siap Saji dan Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga Sebagai Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah. Jakarta
10	Gun W and Satu S. 2007. Microbial Contaminants and Contamination Routes in Food Industry. VTT Technical Research Center Of Finlandia.
11	Bruno S and Babacar S. 2000. Priciple Of Hygiene and Food Safety Management. Publication are the sole responsibility of PIP and COLEACP. European Union
12	John Holah. 2000. Food processing equipment Design and cleanability. The National Food Centre Dunsinea, Castleknock Dublin 15, Ireland
13	Fadi A and Kathryn D. 2011. Methods For developing New Food Products. DEStec Publications, Inc.
14	Theodoros V and Constantina T. 2016. Handbook of Food Processing Food Safety, Quality, and Manufacturing Processes. LLC
15	Claudio A., et.al. 2000. Sanitation Control Procedures for Processing Fish and Fishery Products
16	Alan Parker. 2007. Effective Cleaning and Sanitizing Procedures. University of Maryland and the Johnson Diversey Corporation
17	Bridget M. H. 2011. Managing Food Safety and Hygiene. Departement Of Sociology. London
18	Florida. 2011. Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance. IFAS – Extension Bookstore University of Florida

MIKROBIOLOGI PRODUK AKUATIK
Mata kuliah ini membahas tentang prinsip dan implementasi mikrobiologi dalam produk akuatik yang terdiri atas mikrobia patogen, mikrobia pembusuk, metode perhitungan, dan aplikasi predictive microbiology.
REFERENSI:
1	Ray, B. and Bhunia, A., 2013. Fundamental food microbiology. CRC press.
2	Fratamico, P.M., Bhunia, A.K. and Smith, J.L. eds., 2005. Foodborne pathogens: microbiology and molecular biology. Horizon Scientific Press.
3	Doyle, M.P. and Buchanan, R.L. eds., 2012. Food microbiology: fundamentals and frontiers. American Society for Microbiology Press.
4	Lacroix, C. ed., 2010. Protective cultures, antimicrobial metabolites and bacteriophages for food and beverage biopreservation. Elsevier.
5	Perez-Rodriguez, F. and Valero, A., 2013. Predictive microbiology in foods. In Predictive microbiology in foods (pp. 1-10). Springer, New York, NY

AQUATIC FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
This course discusses the principles and implementation of microbiology in aquatic products consisting of pathogenic microbes, spoilage microbes, calculation methods, and predictive microbiology applications.
REFERENCES:
1	Ray, B. and Bhunia, A., 2013. Fundamental food microbiology. CRC press.
2	Fratamico, P.M., Bhunia, A.K. and Smith, J.L. eds., 2005. Foodborne pathogens: microbiology and molecular biology. Horizon Scientific Press.
3	Doyle, M.P. and Buchanan, R.L. eds., 2012. Food microbiology: fundamentals and frontiers. American Society for Microbiology Press.
4	Lacroix, C. ed., 2010. Protective cultures, antimicrobial metabolites and bacteriophages for food and beverage biopreservation. Elsevier.
5	Perez-Rodriguez, F. and Valero, A., 2013. Predictive microbiology in foods. In Predictive microbiology in foods (pp. 1-10). Springer, New York, NY

AQUATIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
This course discusses technology to develop aquatic product processing both food and non-food, increasing added-value of products, cosmetics, biomaterials, and energy production from aquatic products.
REFERENCES:
1	Carole R. Engle, Kwamena K. Quagrainie, Madan M. Dey. 2016. Seafood and Aquaculture Marketing Handbook 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell
2	Gavin B. G. Allan. 2009. New Technologies in Aquaculture 1st Edition. Woodhead Publishing
3	John S. Lucas and Paul C. Southgate. 2012. Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell
4	Kwamena K. Quagrainie. 2014. The Market for Aquaculture Products: Market Efficiency and Global Competitiveness 1st Edition. Routledge

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Ephemera: Indikator Perairan Bersih dan Misteri Lalat Sehari

Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Airlangga

Ephemera: Indikator Perairan Bersih dan Misteri Lalat Sehari

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EKOTOKSIKOLOGI AKUATIK
Mata kuliah ini membahas tentang aplikasi toksikologi dalam produk akuatik yang terdiri atas: kerja dan efektoksik, biotransformasi, deteksi, metode pengujian, dan metode pencegahan intoksikasi.
REFERENSI:
1	Donald W. S. 2017. Basics of Ecotoxicology. CRC Press.
2	Gerassimos A, Nadezhda G, Philippe B. 2006. Ecotoxicology, Ecological Risk Assessment and Multiple Stressors. Springer Netherlands
3	Ian S, Chadwick J. 1998. Principles of Environmental Toxicology. CRC Press.
4	Julián B., Peter C., Olivia C., Miriam H. 2016. Marine Ecotoxicology 1st Edition. Academic Press
5	Michael C. Newman .2007. Quantitative Ecotoxicology. CRC Press
6	Michael C. N, William H. Clements. 2007. Ecotoxicology: A Comprehensive Treatment. CRC Press

AQUATIC ECOTOXICOLOGY
This course provide studen with the understanding of absorption, accumulation, distribution, and excretion of toxins; xenobiotic biotransformation, determination, enzyme activity, the concept of induction, acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity, and their relationship with aquatic organisms.
REFERENCES:
1	Donald W. S. 2017. Basics of Ecotoxicology. CRC Press.
2	Gerassimos A, Nadezhda G, Philippe B. 2006. Ecotoxicology, Ecological Risk Assessment and Multiple Stressors. Springer Netherlands
3	Ian S, Chadwick J. 1998. Principles of Environmental Toxicology. CRC Press.
4	Julián B., Peter C., Olivia C., Miriam H. 2016. Marine Ecotoxicology 1st Edition. Academic Press
5	Michael C. Newman .2007. Quantitative Ecotoxicology. CRC Press
6	Michael C. N, William H. Clements. 2007. Ecotoxicology: A Comprehensive Treatment. CRC Press

BIOMONITORING OF ACQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
This course provide students with the understanding of the aquatic environment, signals of changes in the aquatic environment, models of monitoring in aquatic environments, the use of biological aquatic organisms as indicators in monitoring the aquatic environment.
REFERENCES:
1	Zimmer et. al. 1997. Biomonitoring in the water environment. Water Environment Federation. Alexandria. USA.
2	Philllips DJH and Rainbow PS.1993. Biomonitoring of Trace Aquatic Contaminants. Springer Netherlands
3	Rosenberg DM and Resh VH. 1993. Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Springer US
4	Sarker MJ, Tanmay MH, Rahman F, Patwary MSA, Rima NN. 2016. Macrobenthic Community Structure as A Bio-Indicator for the Assessment of Coastal Water Pollution In Greater Noakhali-Bangladesh. Journal of Coastal Management, 19 (2).
5	Fierro, P, Valdovinos, C, Vargas-Chacoff, L, Bertrán, C, Arismendi, I. 2017. Macroinvertebrates and Fishes as Bioindicators of Stream Water Pollution. InTech
6	Suthers M and Rissik D (Editor). 2009. Plankton: A Guide to their Ecology and Monitoring for Water Quality 1st Edition. CSIRO Publishing

BIOMONITORING LINGKUNGAN AKUATIK
Mata kuliah ini membahas tentang Pemahaman mengenai lingkungan akuatik, signal perubahan lingkungan akuatik, model monitoring lingkungan akuatik, pemanfaatan biologi organisme akuatik sebagai indikator dalam monitoring lingkungan akuatik.
REFERENSI:
1	Zimmer et. al. 1997. Biomonitoring in the water environment. Water Environment Federation. Alexandria. USA.
2	Philllips DJH and Rainbow PS.1993. Biomonitoring of Trace Aquatic Contaminants. Springer Netherlands
3	Rosenberg DM and Resh VH. 1993. Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Springer US
4	Sarker MJ, Tanmay MH, Rahman F, Patwary MSA, Rima NN. 2016. Macrobenthic Community Structure as A Bio-Indicator for the Assessment of Coastal Water Pollution In Greater Noakhali-Bangladesh. Journal of Coastal Management, 19 (2).
5	Fierro, P, Valdovinos, C, Vargas-Chacoff, L, Bertrán, C, Arismendi, I. 2017. Macroinvertebrates and Fishes as Bioindicators of Stream Water Pollution. InTech
6	Suthers M and Rissik D (Editor). 2009. Plankton: A Guide to their Ecology and Monitoring for Water Quality 1st Edition. CSIRO Publishing